Desmoplastic Reaction Associates with Prognosis and Adjuvant Chemotherapy Response in Colorectal Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study

Abstract

Desmoplastic reaction (DR) is one of many tumor–host interactions and is associated with the overall survival (OS) of patients with colorectal cancer. However, the clinical significance of DR requires further study in large multicenter cohorts and its predictive value in adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) response remains unclear. Here, a total of 2,225 patients with colorectal cancer from five independent institutions were divided into primary (N = 1,012 from two centers) and validation (N = 1,213 from three centers) cohorts. DR was classified as immature, middle, or mature depending on the presence of myxoid stroma and hyalinized collagen bundles at the invasive front of the primary tumor. OS among different subgroups were compared, and the correlations of DR type with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) within stroma, tumor stroma ratio (TSR), and Stroma AReactive Invasion Front Areas (SARIFA) were also analyzed. In the primary cohort, patients with mature DR had the highest 5-year survival rate. These findings were confirmed in validation cohort. In addition, for stage II colorectal cancer, patients classified as non-mature DR would benefit from ACT compared with surgery alone. Furthermore, immature and middle DR were more associated with high TSR, less distribution of TILs within stroma and positive SARIFA compared with mature. Taken together, these data suggest that DR is a robust-independent prognostic factor for patients with colorectal cancer. For patients with stage II colorectal cancer, non-mature DR could be a potential marker for recognizing high-risk patients who may benefit from ACT. Significance: DR has the potential to identify patients with high-risk colorectal cancer and predict the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Our findings support reporting DR types as additional pathologic parameters in clinical practice for more precise risk stratification.