Retrospective study of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments and high complicated myopia

Abstract

Retinal detachment (RD) is the cause of a significant number of cases of vision loss among the working population of all countries of the world. RD needs urgent ophthalmosurgical care. Its results depend on the patient's condition at the time of seeking help, the chosen method of treatment and the presence of other diseases and pathological conditions of the eyes. A retrospective analysis of the medical histories of 158 patients (85 men and 73 women; 78 inpatients, 80 outpatients) in 2022 showed that the majority of retinal detachments were related to diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (H36.0 according to ICD-10) was diagnosed in 36 (22.8%) patients, and traction RD was diagnosed in 26 (16.5%) patients. In a significant number of patients, RD was combined with cataracts (121 or 76.6%), glaucoma (31 or 19.6%), refraction and accommodation disorders (79 or 50.0%, including myopia – in 40 or 25.3%), pathological changes in the vitreous body (34 or 21.5%, among which hemorrhages prevailed – 14 or 8.9%), eye injuries (16 or 10.1%). 38 patients of the ambulatory group underwent posterior closed subtotal vitrectomy with installation or replacement of intraocular lenses and phacoemulsification of cataracts. 33 patients underwent silicone tamponade, 12 patients underwent air-gas endotamponade. According to the results of the treatment, 1 patient (0.6%) was discharged with recovery, 62 (39.2%) – with improvement, 13 (8.2%) – with deterioration, 24 (15.2%) – without changes. Thus, the results of treatment of RD are largely influenced by other diseases and pathological conditions of the eye, against the background or as a result of which RD developed. Timely treatment of RD using our proposed method of high-frequency electrocoagulation and other traditional methods of treatment improve the result of treatment at the time of discharge from ophthalmology departments and reduce the patient's stay in the hospital. Keywords: vitreoretinal surgery, high-frequency retina electrocoagulation, diabetes.