Affiliation:
1. From the Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
2. Center for Clinical Investigation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
3. Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
Abstract
Background: Olfactory dysfunction (OD) and smell loss affects aspects of patients' everyday life and lowers their quality of life. OD questionnaires are considered one of the core-outcome measures in chronic rhinosinusitis, but many existing smell loss questionnaires contained
pandemic-prohibitive questions on social gatherings or restaurant visits, were too culture specific or gender specific, or were overly long and cumbersome. Objective: We aimed to develop a new brief questionnaire to assess the impact and consequences of smell loss and its
burden on daily life. This study validates this new, short, multicultural, dichotomized questionnaire in an international population that has aspirin-exacerbated disease (AERD). Methods: The Consequences of Smell Loss (COSL) questionnaire was developed and content validity
was assessed by experts and patients at Brigham and Women's Hospital. The questionnaire, along with other validated quality-of-life surveys, was answered by 853 patients with AERD. We evaluated the factor structure, reliability, validity, and discriminative ability of the COSL questionnaire.
Results: The final version of the COSL questionnaire consisted of 13 items divided into three subdomains (emotional distress, food and safety, and physical health) through factor analysis. The Cronbach α for internal consistency was 0.82. Convergent and discriminant validity
with the 22-item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22), Healthy Days Core Module-4, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, and a specific question on taste and smell were high (p < 0.0001 for all). The COSL questionnaire score was associated with SNOT-22 categories (p < 0.001) and
was categorized as follows: normal, 0‐1 points; very few consequences, 2‐3 points; few, 4 points; moderate, 5‐6 points; and severe, 7‐13 points. Conclusion: The COSL questionnaire is a new, brief, valid, reliable tool that can effectively screen
for a high burden of OD in patients with AERD and has the potential to be used in other patient populations with OD as well.
Publisher
Oceanside Publications Inc.
Subject
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine,General Medicine,Immunology and Allergy
Cited by
1 articles.
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