Semen reproductive potential

Abstract

Reproductive behavior is a complex related to a system of actions and attitudes taken by a man and a woman regarding the process of conception, bearing and giving birth to children, including planning practices, as well as methods of control. Currently, there is a downward trend in the birth rate, with the percentage of infertile couples being increased, despite the development of reproductive medicine and demographic policy. National programs are aimed at increasing the spread of family planning methods and reducing the number of child marriages. In addition to deep behavioral changes predetermined by the historical, social, economic, cultural and moral situation of an individual and society as a whole, the changes in the birth rate are based on adaptive mechanisms during sexual selection. In particular, a substantial research has focused on identifying additional biomarkers of male fertility in seminal plasma. There have been proven to exist differences in their absolute and relative levels between fertile men and men classified as infertile, based on sperm parameters of the World Health Organization. Studies dating back to the 1920s suggested a multifaceted role for seminal fluid in the reproductive process. It has been established that the paternal biological contribution to pregnancy and related ability to influence the reproductive outcome goes beyond simple provision of male gametes at conception. A new paradigm is emerging detailing an importance of communication between father and mother during gestation as it is associated with maternal tolerance to fetal antigens and, ultimately, pregnancy success.