Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVS) in Water Resources Management: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this work is to gather and analyze studies that address the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), also known as drones, in the area of ​​water resources management. The proposal is to understand how this technology has been applied in the monitoring of rivers, lakes and other bodies of water, in addition to identifying its benefits and challenges.   Theoretical Framework: In this topic, the models, classifications and sensors of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are presented, in addition to the advantages and disadvantages of hydrological applications with the different types of sensors used in UAVs.   Method: The methodology adopted for this review involves the application of the PRISMA method. The search terms “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles” and “Water Resources Management” were used in the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Based on the studies found, the PRISMA method organizes the preparation of the systematic review into four stages: identification, selection, eligibility and inclusion.   Results and Discussion: A total of 16 articles were analyzed, with emphasis on those that contribute to water resource management, especially in obtaining high-resolution data for the application of hydrological and hydrodynamic modeling. The results indicate that UAVs offer relevant mechanisms for facing the growing challenges related to water availability and the impacts of climate change.   Research Implications: This literature review, conducted using the PRISMA method, highlights the potential of UAVs to improve water resource management by enabling more accurate and accessible data collection. The results can support technical practices, public policies, and new research on the use of drones in environmental contexts.   Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by systematizing, in an unprecedented way, the main applications of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in water resources management, through a rigorous methodological approach based on the PRISMA protocol. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by the identification of trends, gaps and opportunities for the use of UAVs in water monitoring and management, offering practical support for researchers, professionals in the field and public policy makers