Obstacles of Public Participation in the Design Process of Public Parks

Abstract

Designer’s job is no longer to produce unalterable solutions; the fact that there is a need to consult the end users in the design process has been discussed in various literatures. Previous works on public participation have given the depiction of very low public participation. This study is about establishing the obstacles of public participation in the design process of public parks as perceived by landscape architects. Six main factors that are detrimental to public participation were extracted and assessed by representatives from landscape consulting. Data was descriptively analyzed and the results have shed some light regarding the main obstacles. Keywords: Public Participation; Landscape; Public Space; Public Parks eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.