Assessment of Biochemical Indices in Haemolytic Crisis with Special Reference to Sickle Cell Anaemia

Abstract

BACKGROUND Sickle cell anaemia (SCD) is a global genetic disease. Potential changes in multiple biochemical indices are also often a major factor behind the varied clinical presentation of SCD. Various studies were conducted to establish the relation between SCD associated manifestations with biochemical imbalance in sickle cell patients but still picture is opaque. In the present study we tried to enhance the data for better understanding of role of biochemical indices in SCD. METHODS The present independent case control study was done in the Department of Biochemistry, Chhattisgarh Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur. It comprised of two different groups consisting 80 sickle cell patients with hyper haemolytic crisis, including 80 age and sex matched control subject. In the present study we measured various biochemical indices including ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, total protein, albumin, bilirubin (total, direct & indirect), urea & creatinine. Statistical analysis was done by using t test. RESULTS We found statistically significant differences in mean level of ALT (20.66 ± 5.31, 151.78 ± 30.36, < 0.001), AST (21.56 ± 5.12, 65.76 ± 5.1, < 0.001), ALP (77.00 ± 16.36, 365.72 ± 8.3, < 0.001), GGT (23.00 ± 6.67, 168.00 ± 4.39, < 0.001), total protein (7.00 ± 0.35, 8.43 ± 0.39, < 0.001), albumin (4.00 ± 0.24, 3.85 ± 0.35, < 0.05), T. Bilirubin (1.19 ± 0.17, 18.95 ± 3.69, < 0.001), D. Bilirubin (0.59 ± 0.15, 8.81 ± 1.89, < 0.001), I. Bilirubin (0.49 ± 0.20, 10.14 ± 2.54, < 0.001) when compared with control. Renal indices like urea (30.82 ± 4.75, 28.43 ± 9.33, > 0.05), and creatinine (0.98 ± 0.18, 0.95 ± 0.27, > 0.05) have no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS In the present study we observed interrelation of various biochemical indices with hyper haemolytic crisis. Further studies are required to strengthen the above observations. KEY WORDS Sickle Cell Anaemia, Hyper Haemolytic Crisis, Biochemical Indices