1. Department of Emergency Medicine; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung; Taiwan
2. Trauma and Emergency Center; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung; Taiwan
3. Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing; Florida Atlantic University; Boca Raton; FL; USA
4. Department of Neurosurgery; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung; Taiwan
5. School of Nursing; China Medical University Department of Nursing; China Medical University Hospital; Taichung; Taiwan