1. Department of Nursing Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences Kobe Japan
2. School of Gerontology Health Management, College of Nursing Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
3. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
4. Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan
5. School of Nursing, College of Nursing Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan