Association of periodontitis with cognitive decline and its progression: Contribution of blood‐based biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease to this relationship

Author:

Carballo Álvaro1,López‐Dequidt Iria2,Custodia Antía34,Botelho João5,Aramburu‐Núñez Marta34,Machado Vanessa5,Pías‐Peleteiro Juan Manuel346,Ouro Alberto34,Romaus‐Sanjurjo Daniel34,Vázquez‐Vázquez Laura34,Jiménez‐Martín Isabel6ORCID,Aguiar Pablo78,Rodríguez‐Yáñez Manuel2,Aldrey José Manuel346,Blanco Juan1ORCID,Castillo José9,Sobrino Tomás34,Leira Yago134ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Periodontology Unit, Faculty of Odontology and Medicine University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain

2. Stroke Unit, Neurology Department University Clinical Hospital Santiago de Compostela Spain

3. NeuroAging Laboratory Group (NEURAL), Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories (LINC) Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital Santiago de Compostela Spain

4. Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Institute of Health Carlos III Madrid Spain

5. Periodontology Department and Evidence‐Based Hub, Clinical Research Unit Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz – Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Caparica Portugal

6. Dementia Unit, Neurology Department University Clinical Hospital Santiago de Compostela Spain

7. Molecular Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and Center for Research In Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CIMUS) University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain

8. Nuclear Medicine Department and Molecular Imaging Group University Clinical Hospital Santiago de Compostela Spain

9. Neuroimaging and Biotechnology Laboratory (NOBEL) Group, Clinical Neurosciences Research Laboratories (LINC) Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University Clinical Hospital Santiago de Compostela Spain

Abstract

AbstractAimTo assess whether periodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression as well as with certain blood‐based markers of Alzheimer's disease.Materials and MethodsData from a 2‐year follow‐up prospective cohort study (n = 101) was analysed. Participants with a previous history of hypertension and aged ≥60 years were included in the analysis. All of them received a full‐mouth periodontal examination and cognitive function assessments (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination (ACE) and Mini‐Mental State Examination [MMSE]). Plasma levels of amyloid beta (Aβ)1‐40, Aβ1‐42, phosphorylated and total Tau (p‐Tau and t‐Tau) were determined at baseline, 12 and 24 months.ResultsPeriodontitis was associated with poor cognitive performance (MMSE: β = −1.5 [0.6]) and progression of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.8; 95% confidence interval: 1.0–3.1). Subjects with periodontitis showed greater baseline levels of p‐Tau (1.6 [0.7] vs. 1.2 [0.2] pg/mL, p < .001) and Aβ1‐40 (242.1 [77.3] vs. 208.2 [73.8] pg/mL, p = .036) compared with those without periodontitis. Concentrations of the latter protein also increased over time only in the periodontitis group (p = .005).ConclusionsPeriodontitis is associated with cognitive decline and its progression in elderly patients with a previous history of hypertension. Overexpression of p‐Tau and Aβ1‐40 may play a role in this association.

Funder

Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Xunta de Galicia

European Regional Development Fund

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Periodontics

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