Association of salivary TREM‐1 and PGLYRP1 inflammatory markers with non‐communicable diseases

Abstract

AbstractAimTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM‐1) and peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1) are elevated in biofluids in the presence of various inflammatory conditions. This cross‐sectional study aimed to evaluate the effect of age, sex, smoking and different oral and systemic non‐communicable diseases on the levels of TREM‐1 and PGLYRP1 in saliva.Materials and MethodsIn total, 445 individuals (mean age 48.7 ± 16.9 years, female:male 51%:49%) were included. All provided self‐reported information on smoking and systemic diseases and whole stimulated saliva. Periodontal and cariological parameters were recorded. Salivary levels of TREM‐1, PGLYRP1 and total protein were measured using commercially available assays.ResultsSalivary TREM‐1 levels were significantly higher in stages III–IV periodontitis compared to other periodontal diagnoses (p < .05). Smoking, bleeding on probing (BOP), percentage of pockets ≥4 mm and the number of manifest caries were associated with TREM‐1 (p < .05), while sex, BOP, number of manifest caries and muscle and joint diseases were associated with PGLYRP1 (p < .05).ConclusionsSalivary TREM‐1 is associated with periodontitis and caries, while PGLYRP1 is associated with gingival inflammation and caries. Additionally, TREM‐1 levels are modified by smoking, while PGLYRP1 is modified by sex and muscle and joint diseases. TREM‐1 and PGLYRP1 in saliva could serve as potential biomarkers for detecting and monitoring non‐communicable diseases.