Global treatment rate and barriers to direct‐acting antiviral therapy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of 146 studies and 1 760 352 hepatitis C virus patients

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundGlobal data on the treatment rate with direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) are sparse. We aimed to evaluate the CHC treatment rate and barriers to treatment in the DAA era.MethodsWe searched PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane from inception to 5 August 2021, for relevant articles. Patients treated with DAAs without interferon (IFN) therapy were categorized as IFN‐free DAAs. Patients receiving DAA with IFN or unclear IFN status were categorized as DAA/IFN.ResultsWe identified and analysed data from 146 studies (1 760 352 CHC patients). DAA/IFN treatment rate was 16.0% (95% CI: 9.9–23.3, 49 studies, 886 535 patients). IFN‐free DAA treatment rate was 52.3% (95% CI: 46.2–58.4, 123 studies, 1 276 754 patients): 45.4% in North America, 64.2% in South America (1 study), 90.4% in Africa (most data from Egypt), 54.4% in Europe, 60.7% in Australia and 60.5% in Asia, (p < .0001); 49% with hepatitis B co‐infection and 32.3% with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Treatment was not a priority in 22.8% of patients in Europe and 16.7% in Australia, compared to only 4.8% in North America and 2.1% in Asia (p < .0001). Poor adherence to clinical follow‐up was the cause of no treatment in 74.7% of patients in Australia, 37.0% in North America, 7.9% in Europe and 14.3% in Asia (p < .0001).ConclusionThough a marked improvement from IFN/DAA, the treatment rate with IFN‐free DAA remains suboptimal (52.3% overall, 32.3% in HCC patients). Non‐adherence to clinical follow‐up and lack of disease awareness were treatment barriers.