Affiliation:
1. State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College 300020 Tianjin China
2. Tianjin Institutes of Health Science 301600 Tianjin China
3. Department of Hematology The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University 264000 Yantai China
Abstract
SummaryTo validate the efficacy and safety of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in hepatitis‐associated aplastic anaemia (HAAA) patients, we reviewed 260 patients who underwent HSCT for acquired aplastic anaemia and eventually included 30 HAAA patients and 90 non‐HAAA patients using propensity score matching. In the HAAA group, the estimated 5‐year overall survival rate (75.8% vs. 86.5%, p = 0.409), failure‐free survival (FFS) rate (74.0% vs. 83.2%, p = 0.485), graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD)‐free FFS rate (61.2% vs. 67.6%, p = 0.669) after HSCT were slightly lower but not statistically significant than those in the non‐HAAA group. Both groups did not significantly differ in engraftment, post‐transplant severe infection, cytomegalovirus (CMV) or Epstein‐Barr virus viraemia, or GVHD incidences. The patterns of immune reconstitution were broadly consistent between the two groups. When stratifying HAAA patients according to donor type, no significant differences in survival, transplant‐related mortality, or GVHD cumulative incidences were observed. CMV viraemia (68.7% vs 8.3%, p = 0.009) occurred more commonly in haploidentical donor (HID) transplants than in matched sibling donor transplants. However, early CMV disease incidence (5.6% vs. 0.0%, p = 1.000) was low. Overall, the post‐transplant outcomes of HAAA patients were comparable to those of non‐HAAA patients after balancing potential confounders, and HID‐HSCT can offer an alternative curative option for HAAA.