1. Department of Anaesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
2. Department of Anaesthesiology, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Shenzhen (Sun Yat‐sen Cardiovascular Hospital, Shenzhen) Shenzhen China
3. Department of Anaesthesiology Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chongqing China
4. Department of Medical Research & Biometrics Centre, Fuwai Hospital, National Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China
5. Department of Outcomes Research Cleveland Clinic Cleveland OH USA