Affiliation:
1. Finnish Museum of Natural History Botany Unit University of Helsinki PO Box 47 FI‐00014 Helsinki Finland
2. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC Plaza de Murillo 2 28014 Madrid Spain
3. Science & Education The Field Museum 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive Chicago IL 60605 USA
Abstract
AbstractCladoniaceae is a family of lichenized fungi that belongs to the Lecanorales, Ascomycota. The family is distributed widely, although several genera are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. The circumscriptions of the genera and species in the family have traditionally been based on thallus morphology, the type of vegetative propagules and the secondary metabolites. However, numerous species are highly variable phenotypically, making their delimitation problematic. In the present study a new phylogeny of Cladoniaceae is constructed using five loci (ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA, RPB2, RPB1, EF‐1a) from a worldwide sample of 643 specimens representing 304 species. Cladoniaceae was resolved as a monophyletic group. The circumscription of the genera and the relationships among them are discussed. Pycnothelia, Carassea and Metus are closely related, forming a sister clade to the larger genus Cladonia. Cladia in its recent wide sense turned out to be paraphyletic, including species that have been recognized in Thysanothecium and Notocladonia. Cladonia was resolved as monophyletic, with C. wainioi as the earliest diverging lineage. Eleven major clades were resolved in Cladonia. No synapomorphies were found for most of them. We propose the new genera Pulchrocladia and Rexia, as segregates of Cladia, five new combinations, and the resurrection of the genus Heterodea.
Funder
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad
Seventh Framework Programme
Academy of Finland
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