Uveal melanoma distant metastasis prediction system: A retrospective observational study based on machine learning

Author:

Wu Shi‐Nan1ORCID,Qin Dan‐Yi1,Zhu Linfangzi1,Guo Shu‐Jia1,Li Xiang1,Huang Cai‐Hong1,Hu Jiaoyue12,Liu Zuguo123

Affiliation:

1. Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China

2. Department of Ophthalmology Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian China

3. Department of Ophthalmology The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China Hengyang Hunan China

Abstract

AbstractUveal melanoma (UM) patients face a significant risk of distant metastasis, closely tied to a poor prognosis. Despite this, there is a dearth of research utilizing big data to predict UM distant metastasis. This study leveraged machine learning methods on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to forecast the risk probability of distant metastasis. Therefore, the information on UM patients from the SEER database (2000–2020) was split into a 7:3 ratio training set and an internal test set based on distant metastasis presence. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses assessed distant metastasis risk factors. Six machine learning methods constructed a predictive model post‐feature variable selection. The model evaluation identified the multilayer perceptron (MLP) as optimal. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) interpreted the chosen model. A web‐based calculator personalized risk probabilities for UM patients. The results show that nine feature variables contributed to the machine learning model. The MLP model demonstrated superior predictive accuracy (Precision = 0.788; ROC AUC = 0.876; PR AUC = 0.788). Grade recode, age, primary site, time from diagnosis to treatment initiation, and total number of malignant tumors were identified as distant metastasis risk factors. Diagnostic method, laterality, rural–urban continuum code, and radiation recode emerged as protective factors. The developed web calculator utilizes the MLP model for personalized risk assessments. In conclusion, the MLP machine learning model emerges as the optimal tool for predicting distant metastasis in UM patients. This model facilitates personalized risk assessments, empowering early and tailored treatment strategies.

Publisher

Wiley

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