Attachment representations in 7‐year‐old children at familial high risk of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder: Associations with mental disorders and daily functioning

Author:

Gregersen Maja12ORCID,Ellersgaard Ditte1,Søndergaard Anne12,Christiani Camilla12,Hemager Nicoline123,Spang Katrine Søborg3,Burton Birgitte Klee345,Uddin Md Jamal12,Ohland Jessica12,Gantriis Ditte26,Greve Aja26,Hjorthøj Carsten127,Mors Ole268,Plessen Kerstin Jessica9,Nordentoft Merete124,Clemmensen Lars1,Jepsen Jens Richardt Møllegaard12310,Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard234

Affiliation:

1. CORE – Copenhagen Research Centre for Mental Health, Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Centre Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

2. The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research Aarhus Denmark

3. Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre Copenhagen Denmark

4. University of Copenhagen – Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Copenhagen Denmark

5. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Copenhagen University Hospital, Psychiatry Region Zealand Roskilde Denmark

6. Psychosis Research Unit Aarhus University Hospital Aarhus Denmark

7. Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

8. Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark

9. Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry University Hospital Lausanne Switzerland

10. Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research and Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark

Abstract

BackgroundAttachment quality may affect psychological functioning. However, evidence on attachment representations and their correlates in children born to parents with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder is sparse.MethodsWe compared attachment representations in a Danish sample of 482 children aged 7 years at familial high risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and population‐based controls and examined associations between attachment and mental disorders and daily functioning. Attachment representations were examined with the Story Stem Assessment Profile (SSAP). Mental disorders were ascertained in diagnostic interviews. Daily functioning was assessed with the Children's Global Assessment Scale.ResultsWe found no between‐group differences in attachment. Higher levels of secure attachment were associated with decreased risk of concurrent mental disorders in the schizophrenia high‐risk group. Higher levels of insecure and disorganized attachment were associated with increased risk of mental disorders across the cohort. Higher levels of secure and insecure attachment were associated with better and poorer daily functioning, respectively. In the current study, results regarding defensive avoidance could not be reported due to methodological limitations.ConclusionFamilial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR‐SZ) or bipolar disorder is not associated with less secure or more insecure attachment at age 7. Insecure and disorganized attachment representations index risk of mental disorders and poorer functioning. Secure attachment may be a protective factor against mental disorders in children at FHR‐SZ. Validation of the SSAP is needed.

Funder

Region Hovedstaden

TrygFonden

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

General Psychology,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous),Developmental and Educational Psychology,General Medicine

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