Inhibition of vertebrate complement system by hematophagous arthropods: inhibitory molecules, mechanisms, physiological roles, and applications

Author:

Sant'Anna Mauricio Roberto Vianna12,Pereira‐Filho Adalberto Alves1,Mendes‐Sousa Antonio Ferreira3,Silva Naylene Carvalho Sales1,Gontijo Nelder Figueiredo12ORCID,Pereira Marcos Horácio12,Koerich Leonardo Barbosa12,D'Avila Pessoa Grasielle Caldas12,Andersen John4,Araujo Ricardo Nascimento12ORCID

Affiliation:

1. Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Sciences Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte MG Brazil

2. Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Entomologia Molecular Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil

3. Campus Senador Helvídio Nunes de Barros Universidade Federal do Piauí Picos PI Brazil

4. Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases National Institutes of Health Rockville Maryland USA

Abstract

AbstractIn arthropods, hematophagy has arisen several times throughout evolution. This specialized feeding behavior offered a highly nutritious diet obtained during blood feeds. On the other hand, blood‐sucking arthropods must overcome problems brought on by blood intake and digestion. Host blood complement acts on the bite site and is still active after ingestion, so complement activation is a potential threat to the host's skin feeding environment and to the arthropod gut enterocytes. During evolution, blood‐sucking arthropods have selected, either in their saliva or gut, anticomplement molecules that inactivate host blood complement. This review presents an overview of the complement system and discusses the arthropod's salivary and gut anticomplement molecules studied to date, exploring their mechanism of action and other aspects related to the arthropod–host–pathogen interface. The possible therapeutic applications of arthropod's anticomplement molecules are also discussed.

Funder

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Insect Science,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology,Agronomy and Crop Science,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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