Affiliation:
1. Molecular Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany University of Rajshahi Rajshahi Bangladesh
2. Department of Genetics University of Georgia Athens GA USA
3. Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science Rural Development Administration Cheonan Republic of Korea
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Iron (Fe) deficiency in soil is a continuing problem for soybean (Glycine max L.) production, partly as a result of continuing climate change. This study elucidates how Trichoderma harzianum strain T22 (TH) mitigates growth retardation associated with Fe-deficiency in a highly sensitive soybean cultivar.
Methods and Results
Soil TH supplementation led to mycelial colonization and the presence of UAOX1 gene in roots that caused substantial improvement in chlorophyll score, photosynthetic efficiency and morphological parameters, indicating a positive influence on soybean health. Although rhizosphere acidification was found to be a common feature of Fe-deficient soybean, the upregulation of Fe-reductase activity (GmFRO2) and total phenol secretion were two of the mechanisms that substantially increased the Fe availability by TH. Heat-killed TH applied to soil caused no improvement in photosynthetic attributes and Fe-reductase activity, confirming the active role of TH in mitigating Fe-deficiency. Consistent increases in tissue Fe content and increased Fe-transporter (GmIRT1, GmNRAMP2a, GmNRAMP2b and GmNRAMP7) mRNA levels in roots following TH supplementation were observed only under Fe-deprivation. Root cell death, electrolyte leakage, superoxide (O2•–) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) substantially declined due to TH in Fe-deprived plants. Further, the elevation of citrate and malate concentration along with the expression of citrate synthase (GmCs) and malate synthase (GmMs) caused by TH suggest improved chelation of Fe in Fe-deficient plants. Results also suggest that TH has a role in triggering antioxidant defence by increasing the activity of glutathione reductase (GR) along with elevated S-metabolites (glutathione and methionine) to stabilize redox status under Fe-deficiency.
Conclusions
TH increases the availability and mobilization of Fe by inducing Fe-uptake pathways, which appears to help provide resistance to oxidative stress associated with Fe-shortage in soybean.
Significance and Impact of the Study
These findings indicate that while Fe deficiency does not affect the rate or degree of TH hyphal association in soybean roots, the beneficial effects of TH alone may be Fe deficiency-dependent.
Funder
Rajshahi University
Georgia Research Alliance
US Department of Energy
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Subject
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,General Medicine,Biotechnology
Cited by
8 articles.
订阅此论文施引文献
订阅此论文施引文献,注册后可以免费订阅5篇论文的施引文献,订阅后可以查看论文全部施引文献