Affiliation:
1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry Ege University İzmir Turkey
2. Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine Ege University İzmir Turkey
3. Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine Ege University Izmir Turkey
4. Section of Oral Health and Periodontology, Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Huddinge Sweden
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the association of GCF TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β levels with periodontal health in pre‐ and postmenopausal women.BackgroundTriggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM‐1), activated through its ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), stimulates proinflammatory cytokine production, such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, during periodontal inflammation. Postmenopausal changes may modulate these immune‐inflammatory functions. No clinical study has yet investigated the effect of menopause on TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included 148 women (age range = 35–65 years), divided into postmenopausal women (PMW) (n = 76, mean age = 54 ± 5 years) and regularly menstruating premenopausal women (RMPW) (n = 72, mean age = 40 ± 4 years). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β levels were quantified with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Pearson's Chi‐squared test and Mann–Whitney‐U test were used to compare categorical and numerical variables, respectively. Spearman's Rho correlation analysis was used to test the linear relationship between variables. Analyte level data were categorized based on the periodontal diagnosis and menopause status (2 × 2 nonparametric factorial ANOVA).ResultsNo significant differences in TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β levels between PMW and RMPW were observed (p > .05). Mean values of periodontal indexes including probing depth did not differ significantly between PMW and RMPW groups (p = .474). TREM‐1 levels were significantly higher in both PMW and RMPW with periodontitis, compared to gingivitis or health (p = .0021).ConclusionMenopause‐related changes have no observable effect on GCF levels of TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β. Higher GCF TREM‐1 levels in women with periodontitis regardless of their menopausal status indicate that TREM‐1 may be an indicator for periodontitis both in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.