Affiliation:
1. Population Health Research Institute McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton Canada
2. Université de Bordeaux, INSERM, BMC, U1034, Avenue de Magellan Pessac France
3. Sanofi, Global Medical Diabetes Frankfurt Germany
Abstract
AbstractAimTo assess clinical and biochemical measurements that can identify people with dysglycaemia (i.e. diabetes or pre‐diabetes) who remain free of serious outcomes during follow‐up.Materials and MethodsWe conducted exploratory analyses using data from the Outcomes Reduction with an Initial Glargine Intervention (ORIGIN) study to identify independent determinants of outcome‐free status in 12 537 middle‐aged and older adults with prediabetes and early type 2 diabetes from 40 countries. Serious outcome‐free status was defined as the absence of major cardiovascular outcomes, kidney or retinal outcomes, peripheral artery disease, dementia, cancer, any hospitalization, or death during follow‐up.ResultsIn total, 3328 (26.6%) participants remained free of serious outcomes during a median follow‐up of 6.2 years (IQR 5.8, 6.7). Independent clinical determinants of outcome‐free status included younger age, female sex, non‐White ethnicity, shorter diabetes duration, absence of previous cardiovascular disease, current or former smokers, higher grip strength, Mini‐Mental State Examination score, and ankle‐brachial index, lower body mass index and kidney disease index, and non‐use of renin‐angiotensin system drugs and beta‐blockers. In a subset of 8401 people with baseline measurements of 238 biomarkers, growth differentiation factor 15, kidney injury molecule‐1, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide, uromodulin, C‐reactive protein, factor VII and ferritin were independent determinants. The combination of clinical determinants and biomarkers best identified participants who remained outcome‐free (C‐statistics 0.71, 95% confidence interval 0.70‐0.73; net reclassification improvement 0.55, 95% confidence interval 0.48‐0.58).ConclusionsA set of routinely measured clinical characteristics and seven protein biomarkers identify middle‐aged and older people with prediabetes or early type 2 diabetes as least likely to experience serious outcomes during follow‐up.