Does effort increase or decrease reward valuation? Considerations from cognitive dissonance theory

Author:

Harmon‐Jones Eddie1ORCID,Matis Sophie1,Angus Douglas J.2ORCID,Harmon‐Jones Cindy3ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Psychology The University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales Australia

2. School of Psychology Bond University Gold Coast, Queensland Australia

3. School of Psychology Western Sydney University Sydney, New South Wales Australia

Abstract

AbstractThe present research tested the effect of manipulated perceived control (over obtaining the outcomes) and effort on reward valuation using the event‐related potential known as the Reward Positivity (RewP). This test was conducted in an attempt to integrate two research literatures with opposite findings: Effort justification occurs when high effort leads to high reward valuation, whereas effort discounting occurs when high effort leads to low reward valuation. Based on an examination of past methods used in these literatures, we predicted that perceived control and effort would interactively influence RewP. Consistent with the effort justification literature (cognitive dissonance theory), when individuals have high perceived control, high effort should lead to more reward valuation than low effort should. Consistent with the effort discounting literature, when individuals have low perceived control, low effort should lead to more reward valuation than high effort should. Results supported these interactive and integrative predictions.

Funder

Australian Research Council

Publisher

Wiley

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