Social participation and incident disability and mortality among frail older adults: A JAGES longitudinal study

Author:

Abe Noriyuki12,Ide Kazushige13,Watanabe Ryota145,Hayashi Takahiro6ORCID,Iizuka Genmei127ORCID,Kondo Katsunori18

Affiliation:

1. Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences Chiba University Chiba Japan

2. Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine Chiba University Chiba Japan

3. Department of Community General Support Hasegawa Hospital Chiba Japan

4. Center for Well‐being and Society Nihon Fukushi University Nagoya City, Aichi Japan

5. Department of Frailty Research Research Institute, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Aichi Japan

6. Department of Rehabilitation and Care Seijoh University Aichi Japan

7. Seibo International Catholic Hospital Family Medicine Residency Tokyo Japan

8. Department of Geriatric Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Aichi Japan

Abstract

AbstractBackgroundFrailty is the highest risk factor for incident disability and mortality. Social participation is a modifiable factor for reducing adverse outcomes among independent older adults. However, the association between social participation and incident disability and mortality among frail older adults remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the association between various social activities and incident disability and mortality.MethodsThis nationwide prospective cohort study (The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study) recruited older adults with frailty, aged 65 years and older (N = 9090) who were followed up for 6 years (2010–2016). We examined incident disability and all‐cause mortality at the end of the follow‐up period. Frailty was assessed using the Kihon Checklist. The independent variable was social participation in 2010, grouped into the following seven categories: hobby groups, sports groups or clubs, volunteer groups, senior citizens' clubs, industries, neighborhood communities, and paid work.ResultsThe incidence of disability among participants was 19.5% (1770) and that of mortality was 19.2% (1753). Belonging to sports groups or clubs (Hazard Ratios [HR] = 0.74; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] = 0.57, 0.98) or hobby groups (HR = 0.77; 95% CI = 0.60, 0.98) was significantly associated with a lower risk of incident disability. Meanwhile, hobby groups (HR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.56, 0.83), sports groups or clubs (HR = 0.71; 95% CI = 0.57, 0.88), volunteer groups (HR = 0.69; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.88), and senior citizens' club (HR = 0.75; 95% CI = 0.61, 0.90) were associated with lower risk of incident mortality.ConclusionsSocial participation was associated with a lower risk of incident disability and mortality, not only in healthy older adults but also in frail older adults who are at higher risk of incident disability and mortality. This suggests that frail older adults should be encouraged to participate in all the seven types of social participation examined in this study, as this may lower the risk of subsequent disability and mortality.

Funder

Chiba Foundation for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

Japan Health Promotion and Fitness Foundation

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science

Program on Open Innovation Platform with Enterprises, Research Institute and Academia

Sasakawa Sports Foundation

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Geriatrics and Gerontology

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