1. Muhimbili Sickle Cell Programme, Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar‐es‐Salaam Tanzania
2. Department of Physiology Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar‐es‐Salaam Tanzania
3. Department of Internal Medicine Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands
4. Department of Nutrition Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo Oslo Norway
5. Department of Haematology Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
6. Division of Human Nutrition Stellenbosch University Tygerberg South Africa
7. Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Center for Haematology Imperial College of London London UK