Root‐knot nematodes exploit the catalase‐like effector to manipulate plant reactive oxygen species levels by directly degrading H2O2

Author:

Zhu Zhaolu12ORCID,Dai Dadong1,Zheng Mengzhuo12,Shi Yiling12ORCID,Siddique Shahid3ORCID,Wang Feifan12,Zhang Shurong1,Xie Chuanshuai1,Bo Dexin12,Hu Boyan1,Chen Yangyang1,Peng Donghai1,Sun Ming1ORCID,Zheng Jinshui12

Affiliation:

1. National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

2. Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan China

3. Department of Entomology and Nematology University of California Davis California USA

Abstract

AbstractPlants produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon infection, which typically trigger defence mechanisms and impede pathogen proliferation. Root‐knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne spp.) represent highly detrimental pathogens capable of parasitizing a broad spectrum of crops, resulting in substantial annual agricultural losses. The involvement of ROS in RKN parasitism is well acknowledged. In this study, we identified a novel effector from Meloidogyne incognita, named CATLe, that contains a conserved catalase domain, exhibiting potential functions in regulating host ROS levels. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CATLe is conserved across RKNs. Temporal and spatial expression assays showed that the CATLe gene was specifically up‐regulated at the early infection stages and accumulated in the subventral oesophageal gland cells of M. incognita. Immunolocalization demonstrated that CATLe was secreted into the giant cells of the host plant during M. incognita parasitism. Transient expression of CATLe significantly dampened the flg22‐induced ROS production in Nicotiana benthamiana. In planta assays confirmed that M. incognita can exploit CATLe to manipulate host ROS levels by directly degrading H2O2. Additionally, interfering with expression of the CATLe gene through double‐stranded RNA soaking and host‐induced gene silencing significantly attenuated M. incognita parasitism, highlighting the important role of CATLe. Taken together, our results suggest that RKNs can directly degrade ROS products using a functional catalase, thereby manipulating host ROS levels and facilitating parasitism.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

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