Affiliation:
1. Department of Prosthodontics School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
2. Department of Preventive and Restorative Sciences School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
3. Department of Restorative Odontology and Endodontics School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering University of Belgrade Belgrade Serbia
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo analyze and compare the impact of acidic media on the surface characteristics of highly filled flowable resin‐based composites.Materials and MethodsTwo hundred fifty‐six specimens were divided into four groups: GUF (G‐aenial Universal Flo), GUI (G‐aenial Universal Injectable), TEF (Tetric EvoFlow), and FSF (Filtek Supreme Flowable Restorative). Surface characteristics were analyzed before (T0) and after specimens immersion in different media, such as gastric juice (GJ), fizzy drink (FD), citric juice (CJ), or artificial saliva (AS), for 9 h (T1) and 18 h (T2). The analyses included surface roughness (SR) measurements, where average roughness (Ra) was obtained, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and surface hardness (SH) evaluation, with Vickers numbers (HV) reported. The differences in values among groups/subgroups within the same stage were assessed using two‐way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test, whereas repeated measures ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test was performed to compare the changes in values through the stages. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD).ResultsAt T0, GUI and GUF revealed lower Ra values (p < 0.05), more evenness in SEM micrographs, and higher HV values (p < 0.05) than FSF and TEF. At T1 and T2, specimens of all groups/subgroups demonstrated an increase in Ra and a decrease in HV compared with T0 (p < 0.05), as well as the changes in surface morphology on SEM micrographs. The lowest Ra and highest HV values were observed in GUI group, in contrast to FSF group, and in specimens immersed in GJ.ConclusionsGUI revealed lower SR and higher SH compared to GUF and FSF both before and after exposure to acidic media. The presence of acidic media, especially GJ, significantly increases SR and decreases SH of tested materials.Clinical SignificanceInformation on the changes in the surface characteristics of highly filled resin‐based composites after exposure to acidic media may be essential for the longevity of restorations like composite veneers fabricated from these materials.