Allelochemicals and soil microorganisms jointly mediate sex‐specific belowground interactions in dioecious Populus cathayana

Author:

Xia Zhichao1ORCID,He Yue2,Korpelainen Helena3,Niinemets Ülo45ORCID,Li Chunyang2ORCID

Affiliation:

1. School of Forestry & Landscape Architecture Anhui Agricultural University Hefei 230036 China

2. College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

3. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Viikki Plant Science Centre University of Helsinki PO Box 27 Helsinki FI‐00014 Finland

4. Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Estonian University of Life Sciences Kreutzwaldi 1 51006 Tartu Estonia

5. Estonian Academy of Sciences Kohtu 6 10130 Tallinn Estonia

Abstract

Summary Little is known about how sex differences in root zone characteristics, such as contents of allelochemicals and soil microbial composition, mediate intra‐ and intersexual interactions in dioecious plants. We examined the processes and mechanisms of sex‐specific belowground interactions mediated by allelochemicals and soil microorganisms in Populus cathayana females and males in replicated 30‐yr‐old experimental stands in situ and in a series of controlled experiments. Female roots released a greater amount and more diverse phenolic allelochemicals into the soil environment, resulting in growth inhibition of the same sex neighbors and deterioration of the community of soil microorganisms. When grown with males, the growth of females was consistently enhanced, especially the root growth. Compared with female monocultures, the presence of males reduced the total phenolic accumulation in the soil, resulting in a shift from allelopathic inhibition to chemical facilitation. This association was enhanced by a favorable soil bacterial community and increased bacterial diversity, and it induced changes in the orientation of female roots. Our study highlighted a novel mechanism that enhances female performance by males through alterations in the allelochemical content and soil microbial composition. The possibility to improve productivity by chemical mediation provides novel opportunities for managing plantations of dioecious plants.

Funder

National Natural Science Foundation of China

Publisher

Wiley

Subject

Plant Science,Physiology

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