Regulating Cotton Growth via Rhizobium Species

Abstract

Unpredictable precipitation is a common problem for plant growth in India’s Deccan plateau, which is known for its poor soil and frequent droughts. Critical to the regulation of plant diseases and the enhancement of plant growth are root-colonizing rhizobacteria like Rhizobium. Isolating productive Rhizobium species from soil around the Eturnagram region’s cotton rhizosphere was the goal of a study carried out at Palamuru University. Rhizobium variant-5, currently known as Rhizobium sp. PKS [NCBI-OK663003, NCMR-MCC4960], was one of five different strains of Rhizobium isolated using the top layer method. It showed strong support for the growth of six different cotton cultivars. Out of the six cotton varieties tested, the Mahyco cultivar had the lowest proline levels while having higher amounts of IAA, proteins, chlorophyll, and sugars. The effectiveness of Mahyco was confirmed by experimental field testing conducted in four distinct cotton agricultural soils of Mahabubnagar District using Rhizobium sp. PKS [NCBI-OK663003, NCMR-MCC4960]. Deep black soil showed improved phytohormone synthesis and good biochemical alterations, whereas shallow black soil showed that the strains considerably enhanced plant development. Based on these results, the novel Rhizobium sp. PKS could be used as a bioinoculant in cotton fields on the Deccan plateau, which could improve agricultural yields despite the harsh conditions.