Sex differences in associations between insulin resistance, heart rate variability, and arterial stiffness in healthy women and men: a physiology study

Author:

Rannelli Luke Anthony1,MacRae Jennifer M.123,Mann Michelle C.13,Ramesh Sharanya13,Hemmelgarn Brenda R.1234,Rabi Doreen134,Sola Darlene Y.23,Ahmed Sofia B.123

Affiliation:

1. Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.

2. Alberta Kidney Disease Network, 1403–29th St. NW, C210, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.

3. Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, 1403–29th St. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 2T9, Canada.

4. Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada.

Abstract

Diabetes confers greater cardiovascular risk to women than to men. Whether insulin-resistance-mediated risk extends to the healthy population is unknown. Measures of insulin resistance (fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment, hemoglobin A1c, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index, glucose) were determined in 48 (56% female) healthy subjects. Heart rate variability (HRV) was calculated by spectral power analysis and arterial stiffness was determined using noninvasive applanation tonometry. Both were measured at baseline and in response to angiotensin II infusion. In women, there was a non-statistically significant trend towards increasing insulin resistance being associated with an overall unfavourable HRV response and increased arterial stiffness to the stressor, while men demonstrated the opposite response. Significant differences in the associations between insulin resistance and cardiovascular physiological profile exist between healthy women and men. Further studies investigating the sex differences in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in cardiovascular disease are warranted.

Publisher

Canadian Science Publishing

Subject

Physiology (medical),Pharmacology,General Medicine,Physiology

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