Dicoumarol-induced prothrombins containing 6, 7, and 8 γ-carboxyglutamic acid residues: isolation and characterization

Abstract

Isolation and characterization of γ-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla) deficient prothrombins induced by Warfarin or dicoumarol are useful for studying the role of specific Gla residues in prothrombin. In addition to 7-Gla prothrombin, we have isolated two more atypical prothrombins from the barium citrate eluate, one containing 6.11, and the other, 7.85 Gla residues, presumably 6- and 8-Gla prothrombins. The actual Gla content of the 7-Gla isomer was 7.05. Each of the 6-, 7-, and 8-Gla variants showed a single component by agar or dodecyl sulfate Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. When agar gel electrophoresis was performed in calcium, each of the variants moved more rapidly than normal (10-Gla) prothrombin. In the presence of EDTA, the 8-Gla isomer exhibited the fastest mobility, equivalent to that of normal prothrombin, followed by 7-, and then 6-Gla variants. The physiological activities of the isomers were found to be 18 to 23% for 8-, 6 to 8% for 7-, and 2 to 3% of normal prothrombin for 6-Gla variant. Prothrombin fragment 1, derived from 8-Gla prothrombin, exhibited 23% of calcium-induced fluorescence quenching, compared with 40% for 10-Gla and 8% or less for 7- and 6-Gla fragments 1. Competition radioimmunoassay data show that calcium-dependent anti (normal) prothrombin polyclonal antibodies are not specific for 10-Gla prothrombin, since the 7- and 8-Gla isomers were able to displace radiolabeled (125I) normal prothrombin.Key words: prothrombin, blood clotting, dicoumarol, Warfarin, γ-carboxyglutamic acid, vitamin K deficiency.