Steady state concentration polarization by laser interferometry

Abstract

A laser interferometry study was done on the Cu/CuSO4/Cu system at natural pH to investigate the effects of natural convection with plane-parallel horizontal electrodes in the anode over cathode position. A constant concentration profile is established where migration is just equal to diffusion plus convection at cd's less than 0.2 mA cm−2 and electrode separations less than 1 mm. Above these values convective or roll cells reminiscent of Bénard cells always develop.