1. Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, C.P. 6079, Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada.
2. Department of Civil Engineering, The University of British Columbia, 6250 Applied Science Lane, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Office 3-069, Marklin/CNRL NREF, Edmonton, AB T6G 2W2, Canada.