DENTAL IMPLANTATION AS A METHOD OF OPTIMIZING TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH COMPLETE DENTAL TEETH

Abstract

The development of dentistry at the present stage opens up new possibilities in the treatment of adentia by intraosseous implantation of artificial supports for dentures, which opened up new opportunities for improving the quality of comprehensive rehabilitation of dental patients. The development of new methods of surgical interventions and prosthetics, the creation of new implant systems help us to increase the life of dentures on implants and to improve the quality of life of patients. Aim of the study. Literary sources analysis with the study of possible complications and their causes at various stages of patient rehabilitation with dental implants in patients with complete absence of teeth. Materials and methods. The review and analysis of scientific-medical literature of 2013-2019 years was conducted, according to the databases Scopus, Web of Science, Med Line, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, RINC. Attention is focused on the main causes of patient rehabilitation with dental implants in patients with complete absence of teeth. Results of the studies and their discussion. The method of dental implantation is increasingly used in practical dentistry in the replacement of various defects in the dentition. Dental implants dramatically increased the quality of orthopedic rehabilitation of patients due to the possibility of using fixed dentures in the replacement of dentition defects in both partial and complete adentia. It is worth noting that along with the positive results of implantation, complications are also observed. Removable prostheses on implants can be divided into two groups: fixed on separate implants with spherical abutment or on the beam connecting the implants. The increased interest in this method of treatment is due to a variety of clinical situations, characteristics of the prosthetic bed, the development of new technologies for the construction of prostheses; an increase in the number of patients satisfied with stabilization and retention of prostheses due to implants. The most important stage ensures the further success of the proposed comprehensive treatment of patients, a thorough examination, diagnosis, determination and compliance with indications and contraindications for dental implantation in conditions that are far from optimal. Inadequate consideration of the characteristics of the somatic and dental anamnesis, complaints, motivation and expectations of the patient from the upcoming treatment, examination data, clinical examination, assessment of the functional state of the patient’s dentofacial system, level of oral hygiene, can lead to unjustified expectations of the patient, local and general complications. Conclusions. Advances in dental science, the emergence of the latest technologies in our time allow us to approach the problem of rehabilitation of patients with a complete absence of teeth in the lower jaw using removable and fixed prostheses based on dental implants.