Local–flexible coupling optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy with enhanced sensitivity

Abstract

An acoustic coupling scheme largely determines the performance of optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM), including practicability, sensitivity, and stability. In this study, we propose OR-PAM based on a local–flexible acoustic coupling scheme, which includes a well-designed combiner connecting a set of circulating systems. The combiner integrates an objective lens and an ultrasonic transducer, controls the water level, restricts the flow rate, and drains bubbles. The circulating system provides sustained and steady flowing water. The flowing water constrained in the combiner and the circulating system forms a flexible and stable local contact between the sample and the transducer. Phantom experiments demonstrate that the proposed method can maintain high optical resolution but improve the detection sensitivity by approximately 1.9 times in comparison to dry coupling. In vivo imaging experiments of the mouse eyeground are conducted to examine the practicability of the proposed system in biomedicine. Moreover, in vivo experiments show that OR-PAM based on local–flexible coupling can reveal more details of eyeground microvasculatures, benefiting from its enhanced sensitivity. These merits promise that OR-PAM based on local–flexible coupling may have broad applications in biomedical fields.