Demographic Characteristics and Factors Associated with Acute Scaphoid Fractures: An Analysis of 903 Patients

Abstract

Objectives A comprehensive understanding of the epidemiology of scaphoid fractures is crucial to aid in diagnosing and treating patients with suspected injuries. The study aims to assess demographic characteristics and factors associated with acute scaphoid fractures in adults. Methods A retrospective review identified all patients with acute scaphoid fractures over four years at a single institution. Data collected included baseline demographics (age, biological sex, race, and ethnicity), body mass index, tobacco and alcohol use, pertinent medical history, and treatment modality. Laterality, location, and displacement of the fracture were confirmed on radiographic analysis. Results A total of 903 scaphoid fractures were included. The majority of fractures occurred in males (n=570, 63%) and were in the left hand (54%), unilateral (99%), nondisplaced (71%), and treated definitively with nonoperative management (71%). Nearly two-thirds (66%) of fractures occurred along the scaphoid waist, followed by the distal third of the scaphoid (25%). Proximal third fractures accounted for the smallest proportion of scaphoid fractures (8.6%) but had the highest displacement and surgical intervention rates compared to waist and distal third fractures. Younger age, male sex, fractures of the proximal third, and displaced fractures had higher odds of being treated surgically. Conclusion The scaphoid is one of the most frequently fractured carpal bones. Young adult males may be at an increased risk for injury. Patients with displaced fractures and those involving the proximal third require surgical intervention at higher rates.