Anthropometric Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Obese Patients Attending a Tertiary Hospital in Nnewi, South-East Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Obesity as a disorder with excess body fat directly decreases quality of life. While Body Mass Index (BMI) has been used largely in health studies as a measure of obesity, it is largely unable to differentiate between body fat and lean body mass, hence other anthropometric measures can be used to assess body fat. Objective: To determine the association of anthropometric indicators with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in obese adults. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study of obese adults (BMI ≥30kg/m2) attending the general outpatient clinic was conducted over four months. The quality of life was assessed using the short form-36 (SF-36) questionnaire. The anthropometric indicators used were BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR), and waist-height ratio (WHtR). Results: Physical component summary (PCS) was significantly related to BMI, WHtR, and WC. After adjusting for co-variables (gender, age, occupation, and marital status), they remained significantly associated with PCS. Mental component summary (MCS) was significantly related to BMI, WHtR, and WC. After adjusting for the known determinants of HRQoL, only BMI remained significantly associated with MCS (P = −0.004; r = −0.146). When all the indicators were included in the same regression model, no anthropometric indicator was significantly related to MCS while only WHtR was significantly associated with PCS (P = 0.001; r = −0.465). Conclusion: HRQoL in obese patients is related to measures of body fat. The physical and mental components of health-related quality of life are correlated differently with the various anthropometric measures of obesity. The WHtR was found to be an independent predictor of the physical component of HRQoL.