Assessment of Body Image Perception and Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients Accessing Care at the University College Hospital, Southwest Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type globally. The female breasts are important for beauty and sexuality, comprising the body image, which includes the individual self-perception and others. This varied perception may influence the quality of life of individuals with breast cancer. Aim: To assess the body image perception and quality of life of breast cancer patients accessing care at the University College Hospital Ibadan. Methods: Eligible female adults (18 years and above), with a confirmed histologic diagnosis of breast cancer participated in this study after obtaining informed consent. The participants were without other debilitating conditions and had access to care for at least 12 months. We used a questionnaire to collect information on body image perception and quality of life (QoL) from all the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: One hundred sixty (160) female participants were recruited, with 74.38% having been diagnosed with breast cancer for 3 years or more, and 84.38% of them detected abnormality during breast self-examination. Over 50% of the participants had negative body image perceptions. Educational level, social/family well-being, and physical well-being were significantly associated with the QoL. There was a three-fold increase in the social and family well-being subscale score among participants with higher education levels. Conclusion: Negative body image results in poorer QoL in breast cancer patients, and this underscores the importance of addressing body image concerns as part of comprehensive care for breast cancer patients.