Efficacy of Human Epidermal Growth Factor in the Regeneration of Tympanic Membrane Perforation

Abstract

Introduction: Majority of tympanic membrane perforations require myringoplasty for closure. Recently, epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been shown to promote the healing of tympanic membrane perforations. Aim: The aim of this study was to find out a simple nonsurgical outpatient procedure to close one-quadrant tympanic membrane perforations that could reduce the hospital stay, medical cost, and morbidity in these patients. Materials and Methods: An interventional prospective randomized clinical study was done on 120 patients at our tertiary hospital. The allocation ratio was 3:1. Pure-tone audiometry, otomicroscopy, and otoenodoscopic recording were performed in all eligible patients who consented to take part in the study. Ninety cases received EGF gel application, whereas 30 controls received antibiotic ofloxacin application. Trichloroacetic acid chemical cautery and fibrin glue application were done in patients of both groups. Results: The closure rate was 97.7% in the EGF group and 70% in the ofloxacin group. The time taken for closure of perforations was 10 to 14 days in the EGF group and 3–4 weeks in the ofloxacin group. Hearing gain was observed in healed perforations of both groups. Conclusion: EGF application enhances the healing effect of one-quadrant nonhealing tympanic membrane perforations. It showed encouraging results and reliable safety in the regeneration of tympanic membrane. Clinical Significance: Apart from its use in single quadrant perforation, EGF may be considered for treating residual perforations after failed tympanoplasty.