Factors Influencing the Consumption of Tobacco amongst the Khasi Indigenous People in Northeast India

Abstract

Background: Tobacco use in any form is a major public health concern. It accounts for nearly 1.35 million deaths every year. Many chronic illnesses occur due to the consumption of tobacco, either smoke or smokeless form. The study aims to explore how smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption are distributed across a range of demographic and socioeconomic markers among Khasi indigenous people in Northeast India. Materials and Methods: It is a case-control study conducted in adults over 31 years of age. The study was carried out between June 2020 and August 2021. An Independent t-test was performed to determine the significant difference in age between smoking/smokeless tobacco users and non-tobacco users. Univariate and Multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the significant predictors affecting the use of smoking/smokeless tobacco in the respondents. Results: A total of 505 respondents were included in the present study. There was a high statistically significant difference in the income level of tobacco and non-tobacco users (P value- 0.002). In Univariate analysis, it was found that the odds of consuming both forms of tobacco were significantly lower in the respondents aged between 51–60 (OR = 0.61, P value = 0.0453). The participants who studied till graduation and above had lower odds of both using forms of tobacco as compared to respondents who were illiterate/primary educated only (OR = 0.85, P value = 0.046). Conclusion: In conclusion, smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption are still widely prevalent in this region and strongly associated with age, gender, level of education, and place of residence. There is a need for further detailed analysis to identify risk factors that are strongly associated with the use of smoke and smokeless tobacco so that the community will be conscious about the hazardous effects of tobacco use in any form.