Determination of the Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Gram-positive Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection in Dhaka, Bangladesh

Abstract

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are referred as one of the most common infections in medical sectors worldwide and antimicrobial resistance is also a global threat to humans that is related to many diseases. As antibiotics are used for the treatment of infectious diseases, the rate of resistance is increasing day by day. Gram-positive pathogens are commonly found in urine sample collected from different age groups of people, associated with UTI. Methods: The study was conducted in a diagnostic center in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with total 1308 urine samples from November 2021 to April 2022. Gram-positive pathogens were isolated and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done. Results: From the total of 121 samples of Gram-positive bacteria (GPB), the highest prevalence rate of UTIs was found in the age group of 21–30 years. Mostly, Enterococcus spp. (33.05%), Staphylococcus aureus (27.27%), Streptococcus spp. (20.66%), and beta-hemolytic streptococci (19.00%) were found as causative agents of UTI compared to others. The majority of isolates has been detected as multi-drug resistance (MDR). The higher percentage of antibiotic resistance was found against azithromycin (75%) and cefixime (64.46%). Conclusion: This research focused on the regular basis of surveillance for the GPB antibiotic susceptibility to increase awareness about the use of proper antibiotics and thus minimize drug resistance.