Prospective Study of Clinical Characteristics and Visual Outcome in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada Syndrome in a Tertiary Eye Hospital in South India

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the demographic pattern, clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and visual outcome in Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease patients observed at a tertiary eye care centre in South India. Methods: A prospective chart analysis of 38 patients with VKH disease. Results: Of the 38 VKH patients, 31 (81.6%) were female, the mean age was 39.8 years, and the median duration of symptoms was 10 days (range: 2 to 180 days). The most common ocular complaint was a defective vision (70 eyes or 92.1%). Extraocular manifestations were headache (13 patients or 34.2%) and tinnitus (4 patients or 10.5%). Twenty-four patients (63.2%) presented with bilateral panuveitis, and 12 patients (31.6%) had posterior uveitis. The most common posterior segment presentation included bilateral serous retinal detachment (100%), disc oedema (37 eyes or 48.7%), and vitritis (31 eyes or 40.8%). All patients (100%) were treated with oral and topical prednisolone, based on the ocular inflammation status, 9 patients (23.7%) required dexamethasone (intramuscular), 39 eyes (51.3%) required posterior subtenon triamcinolone, 16 patients (28.9%) required methotrexate, 1 (2.6%) required cyclophosphamide, 1 (2.6%) required azathioprine. At the final visit, the majority of the patients had statistically significant good visual outcomes. Conclusion: Prompt diagnosis and early initiation of treatment with systemic, local steroid and immunosuppressive therapy showed faster recovery with good visual outcome.