Mitigation of Water Fouling: Technology Status and Challenges**Work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary of Energy Efficiency and Reneable Energy, and the Office of Industrial Technologies, under Contract W-31-109-Eng-38. Accordingly, the U.S. Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.