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2. The early history of the tracheostomy. 2007. Available at: http://www.entlink.net/museum/exhibits/Early-History.cfm. Accessed November 1, 2007.
3. What is past is prologue: a short history of the development of the tracheostomy;Stock;Ear Nose Throat J,1987
4. Standardization and alternate methods of tracheostomy. 2007. Available at: http://www.entlink.net/museum/exhibits/trach_alternatives.cfm. Accessed November 1, 2007.
5. The shift in indications for the tracheostomy between 1940 and 1955: an historical review;Graamans;J Laryngol Otol,1999