Abstract
Foot pain (FP) is widespread throughout the population, with prevalence estimates ranging from 17 to 30%, while a comprehensive study found that more than one-quarter of people over the age of 45 have regular hindfoot pain (HP). HP has been linked to limitations in daily living activities, poor balance, gait issues, and poor health-related quality of life. According to studies, at least two-thirds of people have moderate functional daily living issues. Aging, female gender, obesity, chronic medical conditions (such as osteoarthritis and diabetes), biomechanical factors (excessive external rotation of the lower extremity, increased pronation of the subtalar joint, plantar flexor weakness, Achilles tendon shortening), and anatomical changes (pes planus, pes cavus) have all been identified as risk factors for HP. People with HP have bone and soft-tissue overload, foot anatomic disorders, and a decreased range of motion (especially ankle dorsiflexion). There are several hindfoot pathologies that can lead to HP. The aim of this study is to overview the pathologies of the hindfoot that cause hindfoot pain.