When Hearing Loss Co-occurs with Dementia: Challenges and Opportunities in Diagnosis and Management

Abstract

Both dementia and hearing loss are highly prevalent in older adults and often co-exist, increasing the complexity of diagnosis and management of both conditions. As the population ages, an increasing number of people will experience both long-term conditions. The cause of the association is unclear, although there are several commonly proposed mechanisms. Within this chapter, we explore current challenges that exist in discriminating between symptoms and complications of hearing and cognitive difficulties, and how these factors can impact the identification and management of both conditions. Management options, including the role of audiology services and care, will be presented, and explored in context. As hearing loss has been identified as a potentially modifiable risk factor for dementia, contemporary research evidence will be highlighted, including the challenges associated with research study design and interpretation. We conclude by exploring opportunities in care, research, and knowledge exchange, offering new approaches to improve the quality of life of those living with both dementia and hearing loss and those who care for them. Throughout this chapter, we provide the perspectives of individuals who have personally dealt with these conditions, as well as the viewpoints of their caregivers. This helps us connect concepts and evidence with real-life experiences.