Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: A Mighty Pioneering Diagnostic Tool But Is It Really Safe for Carcinoma and Neurodegenerative Diseases?

Abstract

Iron oxide nanoparticles have been used in medicine for around 90 years, and this time has demonstrated their versatility, therapeutic efficacy, and safety. The primary constituents of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) are either magnetite (FeO Fe2O3) or maghemite (-Fe2O3). The most major clinical application of IONs is based on MRI. To detect cancers and age-related diseases, IONs are being used in medical diagnostic imaging. The two IONs with the best clinical repute are Resovist and Feridex IV. In addition to being used to detect cancers, IONs are also adapted as gastrointestinal negative contrast agents and as slow-release iron supplements to treat iron deficiency anemia. With IONs exposed to alternating magnetic fields, targeted imaging and thermal energy production are both feasible. Radiation therapy, immunotherapy, or chemotherapy be facilitated by the effects of heat. A growing number of IONs are being studied in therapeutic settings as nanotechnology develops swiftly. How IONs are used in biomedicine is determined by their interaction with the human immune system.