Approaches of Biochar in Ecosystem Management: current scenario and future perspectives

Abstract

Agricultural crop growth and productivity are significantly influenced by a wide variety of biotic and abiotic factors. In order to address these shortcomings, substantial amounts of chemical fertilisers are administered to the land. The widespread use of chemical fertilisers has led to the degradation of ecosystems and various associated issues, including decreased nutritional quality of crops and the long-term decline in soil fertility. The excessive uses of fertilisers and pesticides have adverse implications for soil vitality, resulting in a substantial reduction in the biomass. Therefore, the use of biochar has been sustainable method and a potentially efficient strategy for improving soil quality and addressing the issue of heavy metal pollution in soil. Integrating biochar into the soil offers a significant chance to enhance soil quality and promote plant growth. The efficacy of biochar in enhancing nutrient cycles on agricultural lands is highlighted by its positive impact on plant growth and soil vitality, rendering it a practical instrument for mitigating nutrient deficiencies. The present chapter focuses on the utilisation of biochar and its impact on the soil microbial population, plant diseases, plant-parasitic nematodes, and insect pests and highlights the utility of biochar as an effective agent for plant protection.