Abstract
Essential oils can be extracted using various methods. Process choice significantly impacts yield and quality, leading to the development of processes aiming for maximum essential oil (EO) yields in a chemical state close to their native structure. In this chapter, various extraction techniques, including conventional ones and their intensification, are discussed along with their respective pros and cons. Additionally, new eco-friendly extraction methods have been introduced to enhance the conventional production of essential oils. The most traditional, straightforward, and widely utilized extraction techniques are hydrodistillation and steam extraction. In actuality, steam extraction techniques are used to extract 93% of all essential oils. Other common extraction techniques include enfleurage (particularly used with roses), cold pressing (just for citrus peel), and organic solvent extraction. The low yield, loss of volatile chemicals, lengthy extraction durations, and hazardous solvent residues of these procedures are its drawbacks. Microwave-assisted extraction and supercritical fluid extraction are two of the latest essential oil extraction techniques that have received considerable interest.