Abstract
Deforestation is among the greatest challenges the Earth is facing. The annual deforestation rate is more than 3%. To uplift the economic growth of any country, the forest cover should be at least 25%. To overcome this problem, rapid afforestation and reforestation strategies are required. Inoculation of ectomycorrhizal fungi growing efficiently in the biodiversity-rich regions could be a leading approach in this regard. Several ectomycorrhizal fungi have been reported in association with many coniferous and deciduous tree species growing in these regions. The success of this association is mainly based on the mutual exchange of nutrients between the symbionts. These ectomycorrhizal fungi can mitigate the stress conditions and enhance the seedling survival. Inoculation of these fungi with indigenous tree species of the region can greatly improve plant growth and survival. This symbiosis may play a major role in the function, maintenance, and evolution of biodiversity and ecosystem stability and productivity.