The Nanoemulsion Technique, One of the Most Promising Strategies for Enhancing Drug Permeation through Transdermal Route

Abstract

Nanoemulsions are colloidal particulate systems that have gained significant attention in pharmaceutical research due to their potential in enhancing drug permeation through transdermal routes. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of nanoemulsions, including their definition, advantages over other dosage forms, components, methods of preparation, and applications, with a focus on multiple nanoemulsions. The advantages of nanoemulsions include increased absorption rate, reduced absorption variability, improved drug bioavailability, and efficient delivery of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs. Various components such as oil phase, surfactants, co-surfactants, aqueous phase, and co-solvents are discussed in detail, along with their roles in nanoemulsion formulation. Methods of nanoemulsion preparation, including high-pressure homogenization, ultrasonic emulsification, high-shear stirring, microfluidization, and membrane emulsification, are elaborated upon, highlighting their respective advantages and limitations. Additionally, applications of nanoemulsions in medicine, catalysis, and theranostics are explored, emphasizing the potential of multiple nanoemulsions in drug delivery systems. Overall, nanoemulsions offer a promising approach for improving drug delivery efficiency and enhancing therapeutic outcomes.